Jijona caste Toro - Author: Paul Moreno Alcolado (oil on paper) Origins
After a prehistoric pilgrimage from the Middle East to western the European continent, groups of cattle of Bos taurus were entering the Iberian Peninsula and were settled in different geographical areas. One of these regions seat was the Central Plateau, in the north and the south, occupying Duero river basin, on the one hand, and the Tagus and Guadiana, on the other.
For the many thousands of years that led to this process, and is large and diverse that it is the territory of the Central Plateau, it is logical to conclude that cattle that occupied it was not a single group and therefore not had the same morphology. In addition, the natural settings of wild cattle also saw altered by county from the Neolithic, with the introduction by humans domesticated cattle, the result of this process, as had been altered morphology. However, when the writers ranked the various original roots of the fighting bull, decided to include all groups in the center of the peninsula into a single branch, which they called "English roots."
seat map of the three roots of bullfighting (solid line) and location in the central plains south of the primitive herd caste Jijona And if it seems that the differences were evident between the bulls the central plains of the northern and southern sub-plateau, you can also maintain that, within the latter, it must have bulls with a wide morphological conformation. Thus, if the bulls are bred on the banks of the Jarama were generally and among other features, black hair and horns short, as described by Jerome de la Huerta in the sixteenth century, in other areas of the southern sub-plateau bred bulls also had predominantly red coat would be and well-developed antlers. It is unknown whether
came to predominate in this vast territory the red-haired cattle, or whether, on the contrary, only they were located somewhere in the Montes de Toledo, Alcudia Valley or elsewhere in the foothills of Andalusia. But he says it was with red fur on animals with which they formed in the Guadiana valley one of the most renowned and charismatic founding breeds of fighting bulls, the "caste Jijona."
Casta
founding Jijona
The most widespread theory asserts that John Smith Jijón, exploiting the possibilities offered by his office of mayor in the herd of the Royal Heritage, founded around 1618 a herd in Villarrubia de los Ojos, selecting bulls Real de Aranjuez the herd that were characterized as being of great height, bulk lot, antler development and, very significantly, by having a red coat on.
The importance of the herd reached the successive generations of family farmers led, among other consequences, that red hair on the bull is known by the term "Jijon" after the principal name of the saga of farmers and, above all, their herd is the category of caste recognize the founding of the fighting bull, granting the name of caste "Jijona." Following
most widespread theory about the foundation of the breed Jijona, also said that it was John Jijón, a grandson of the founder of the herd, who actually selected the livestock and specifically devoted to breeding fighting bulls, setting further its racial prototype.
However this theory, this 2010 is published on this blog a documented study entitled "Bloodlines of the first breeders Jijona Toros ", in which the authors, brothers Naranjo Cecilio González Candelas and show that the majority theory must be revised. Toro
caste Jijona - Author: Paul Moreno Alcolado (oil on paper) This study demonstrates, first, that no document exists in the Royal Heritage referring to the supposed position of mayor Juan Sanchez Jijón the herd Real de Aranjuez and therefore this is not the reason for creation of livestock.
In contrast, the study's authors have shown Villarrubia that there were two branches of the family surnamed Jijón that, historically, farmers were swine, sheep and horses, and that should be about half of the seventeenth century when they decided to enter the beef from their cattle, as they have documented a process increase of cattle owned vaccines between 1645 and 1657, and the lack of premises and parklands and specific for farming, so that livestock invaded the lands of farmers and Justice opened in those years Villarrubia two separate files against the two families of farmers. Thus, the founders or rather, the drivers of the herd of "Jijon" which is as they were known in the town, were the respective heads of families of these two closely related branches: on the one hand, Jijón Pedro Gonzalez, and, on the other, Juan de Salcedo Jijón (real name of this farmer, as the compound "Sanchez-Jijón" is an artificial added later).
Similarly, Naranjo brothers have also shown that these two branches of the family acted together in the management of livestock, so it must be said that their herds comprised a single holding. And they have proven that, through a policy of marriages between sons and daughters of this first generation of farmers, the administration continued operation of two of the respective successors and Juan Pedro Jijón Jijón, which had become brothers. Bibliography taurine
not attached to this second John Jijón no role in the history of livestock. Instead, the study's authors have proved that such contracts Jijón and his brother Juan Pedro Jijón and cattle destined for the fighting in 1678 and 1679, and that they should have the first breeders who have dealt with that surname in Madrid, specifically, September 25, 1679. And another significant fact which had to be at this time that the prototype had to be fixed racial caste Jijona.
Table generation of farmers by dividing the original Jijón trunk Prepared Naranjo González brothers
Naranjo
According to the brothers to death in 1684 of the second generation of farmers, represented by brothers Pedro and Juan Jijón Jijón the livestock was divided among their respective successors, which have succeeded in drawing the family tree, and it follows a conclusion that is beyond question. As is well known, caste Jijona bulls were called the most famous branch of the family of John Jijón successors, who were the brothers John and Joseph Jijón, and then the children of the latter, Jose and Miguel Jijón. But also were Jijona cattle breed from the other side of the family, the hitherto unknown Jijón Pedro because it is located as Blas Jijón farmers and, above all, Dona Elena Jijón, and it is well known that livestock Jijona cattle breed had acquired Aleas and Gil Manuel Flores. Therefore, if you were Jijona breed cows of the two branches of the family Jijón, the logical conclusion is that we must agree that the prototype Jijona racial caste must be given by fixed before the herd were divided primitive. And, therefore, that honor should be given to the brothers Pedro and Juan Jijón Jijón, and before his death in 1684.
With this, the authors of this study documented dismantled the theory that until now dominated the whole bullfighting literature, claiming they were the brothers John and Joseph Jijón who set the prototype of the breed racial Jijona after receiving their livestock father's inheritance in 1684.
"Golden Age" of the breed Jijona and the sudden disappearance of the family of its founders
Jijón Shield of Salcedo. Photo: Fernando Beneytez Peñuelas Returning to the study that underlies this entry, go back to quoting the time that the brothers Pedro Jijón and John Jijón die in 1684. It was then that he broke the great family arrangement which allowed for united most of the farm of "Jijon, and interests composing it were divided into three parts, at least.
1) A portion of the Jijón for Pedro was inherited by his son Christopher, who settled in Valdepeñas. The cattle of this line would pass to his son Juan Antonio Jijón, and this was followed by a daughter, Elena Jijón (which previously referred), which debuted in 1790 in Madrid. Elena died childless, she disappeared with this line of the founders of the breed Jijona, and cattle, possibly after passing Torrubia Benito, end up being acquired by Manuel Aleas and Gil Flores.
2) The other part of what Peter Jijón was inherited by his son Blas Jijón, which continued in Villarrubia. The fact that the cattle born in 1667 as written by Cossio rebate on that dealt in Madrid in 1654. When Blas Jijón really dealt with the Town and Court was in 1690, and it is known that around 1750 he did in Valencia Jijón his son Peter, who first succeeded to his herd. With livestock it was closed this other line of the founders of the breed Jijona, he died childless, and livestock industry would end up passing most famous family of Jijon (which see below), seeing thereby increasing the number of their cattle.
3) And finally, the part of John Jijón passed to his sons John and Joseph Jijón, who remained in Villarrubia. Never split the inheritance, but it was the larger of the two, John Jijón, who spent more work to the livestock of the most famous branch of Jijona therefore exceeded the age of eighteen of his brother, and he only had five when his father died. Therefore, until he reached adulthood, Juan Jijón began managing livestock on behalf of both. Moreover, as was Joseph who died first and their children were minors at the time, Juan Jijón again led administration alone from 1735 to 1743.
The latter period is the run that in 1737 he dealt on behalf of John Jijón in the first circular plaza built in Madrid, that of Soto Luzon, built by the Confraternity of the Sacramental de San Isidro.
After the death of the brothers John and Joseph Jijón, his sons Joseph and Michael, formed themselves into owners of the herd, although at that time were still minors, were the executors who began exercising administration. Later, after winning José Jijón to be granted the capacity to act, it was he who took the reins.
The livestock of this family branch reached the highest height of success and fame during the ownership of brothers Joseph and Michael Jijón, towering to the top livestock at that time. Countless evenings and successes dealt harvested. However, the relationship between the two brothers was very tense for the character of Joseph, reaching between them embroiled in litigation. So if at first it was announced livestock on behalf of Don José and Don Miguel Jijón; since 1766, following the breakdown in relations between them and, above all, of the ruling in a proceeding in which both parties were, Miguel Jijón became the sole manager of the herd and his name was announced until his death in 1791, unmarried and childless. Therefore, from livestock that year went entirely to Joseph Jijón, announcing his name.
Of the two family branches was only then José Jijón. Would marry, but it has done over seventy years and descendants tube. So, with him died the last representative of the founders of the breed Jijona.
Livestock was announced over a year on behalf of his widow, Dona Leonor Eagle, and then it became the name of this second husband, Don Eagle Barnabas. Finally, this foray into the world of politics brought into the marriage a serious deterioration of its assets, and this must be the cause of that, two decades later, his bulls began to be announced in the name of Don Manuel and Dona Manuela Gaviria de la Dehesa. Prototype
racial
Jijona caste Toro - Author: Paul Moreno Alcolado (oil on paper) To date, the lack of documentary sources prevents us from knowing what was the origin of cattle that were used to create the herd primitive of "Jijon. This implies that they are only guesses ensuring that came from the banks of the Jarama, the herd Real de Aranjuez, the Montes de Toledo, Alcudia Valley or any other specific point in the southern sub-plateau.
And, similarly, would also be a simple theory stating that the cattle were jijona from the beginning, most of a given layer. However, the selection was made at some point in the history of this breed foundation, because if anything is characterized Jijona bulls breed descriptions of our literature is by its majority taurine reddish fur, from peach to brown but predominantly characteristically the red on.
also said that they were of great height, bulk and weight, and had a highly developed antlers and caramel tone.
My hypothesis of this whole set of notions, I have annotated Rafael Cabrera Bonet a comment made at a conference relating to those red bulls may not be far removed from the carcasses of race retinta who settled in the area especially south and west of the Iberian Peninsula, and might have risen to the Castilian-La Mancha region following the course of the Guadiana. Once
missing
farmers of the two branches of the family that founded the breed, their breeding planted with their blood many herds, especially in the area of \u200b\u200bColmenar Viejo, prompting the merger with the so-called "Bulls of the Earth" and helped to reach these new farms renowned successes in the nineteenth century. And is that the behavior of these bulls are adjusted in a very particular conception of the fight that prevailed at the time, based primarily in the first half, and coming out strong, tough and chewy, without being transcendent meaning tended to develop and become harsh and defensive depending on the third beam passed.
Through it, the bulls from that source ceased to be "appropriate" for the new design bullfighting based on the last third that evolved in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Then began crossing for farming, especially cattle breed Vistahermosa, and the resulting logic is derived from the absorption of blood joined the devastating consequences for all types of cattle led to the Civil War to cause the virtual disappearance of Jijona genetic load in our cabin brava.
That was almost unanimous belief until a few years ago, but Professor Javier Canyon, with genetic studies, has opened a window of hope for those interested in a future recovery.
NOTE:
I show my gratitude to the authors of the works and images published in this text for their selfless contribution. And, for that matter, I note that anyone intending to include them in other areas of the network must include authorship.
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