Best Real Estate Reports Samples

The

Since 2600 BC, about most of the geographical area of \u200b\u200bAegean Sea and was under the influence of the first civilization Europe, the Minoan , which had its seat on the island of Crete and from there controlled most of the islands and the mainland coast.

was around 1800 BC when an Indo-European people, known by tradition as the Achaeans , entered from the north in the Balkan Peninsula, was extended through the Peloponnese and, after dominating the inhabitants primitive civilization created Mycenaean , commonly called because it was in the city of Mycenae, where he erected his kingdom more important.

Both civilizations came to coexist, but in 1450 BC Minoan disappeared for reasons not yet specified in detail accurately, and was the Mycenaean happened to hold the supremacy in the region. Even by the epics, the Achaeans came to control the Dardanelles, on the coast of Asia Minor, the triumph of the troops commanded by King Agamemnon of Mycenae in the Trojan War.


specialized
According to some writers, there were other Indo-European peoples that time, were also settled in various parts of the Balkan peninsula, as the Ionians , which took hold in Attica, and the Aeolian that they did in Thessaly.

The domain of the Achaeans have lasted to 1200 BC, it was about this time that the Dorians , other Indo-over, they went from the north and imposed, among other circumstances, because they already mastered the technique of iron smelting and its armaments were significantly higher than bronze of the Achaeans. The principal place of seat of the Dorians was the Peloponnese, and Sparta its largest city.

difficult to determine if the input of each of these towns was to determine the displacement of, or if, as seems, there was some degree of fusion population. But in any case, it was under those tribal bases like they were forming the Hellenic population.

configuration adopted by their company at first was that of some independent kingdoms, which included a city dominated region as its centerpiece. And the form of government evolve from these early monarchies to a power exercised by aristocratic oligarchies which then led to the so-called " tyranny" and ended in most cases with regimens based on democracy, with the engine Athens and the example of the latter type of government.

Greek civilization was involved in an expansion process by all Mediterranean coastal areas, which led to the founding of a large number of colonies that contributed to the dissemination Hellenic culture and, as part of her, her religion.


Overview of religion in Greece

The earliest inhabitants of the Balkan peninsula and the Aegean islands have a Mediterranean culture, were farmers and, therefore, fertility rites officiated and related deities worshiped with farming. Instead, all the people that were invading the region were Indo-European culture and its pantheon of gods consisted divine heavenly. Thus, the Greek religion was forming in a long process of merger between the two types of worship, and finally characterized polytheistic, because were worshiped many gods, and also as anthropomorphic, as they represented the gods in human form and were endowed with the same characteristics, strengths and weaknesses than men, but their immortality and supernatural powers.


Among the major gods of religion in ancient Greece, most noteworthy is Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Dionysus, Hades, Hephaestus, Hera, Hermes, Hestia, Poseidon, and, above all Zeus, the supreme god, ruler of the gods, men and the world. All of them resided on the summit of Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. In addition, to a lesser extent these gods older, also had a number of secondary deities, on the other hand, heroes, all deaths, among which include Hercules, Theseus, Icarus and Perseus.

Another feature of Greek religion is that it lacked a holy book and therefore was not dogmatic. What he did have was a series of myths and legends about the nature of the world and its origins, on religious cults and ritual practices who officiated their gods, as well as the memorable actions of the heroes mentioned above. Together, these myths and legends formed the so-called Greek mythology.

have strong religious anthropomorphism in ancient Greece, where divine pantheon Toro is not listed as one of their gods. And, contrary to what was happening in other religions of antiquity, in the generality of the Greek gods and did not find the combination, combination or confusion of bull-man figures. However, in the mythology itself there are passages in which the god Dionysus bull figure appears to relate to the concept of fertility, or Eros adorned with a bull or horse and Poseidon associated with the bull, to relate to the concept power, and should not be forgotten that one of the attributes of Zeus was the Bull, as a symbol of power and fertility, and to kidnap Europe adopted the figure of a white bull.

What turns very common in Greek mythology is to find a bull in the actions of gods and heroes exploits, or related to the concept of beauty and inspiring women of love, or even as being mythological, individually speaking. Are many myths about it, but we can chain several of them to find all these assumptions.


Minos, who was the son of Zeus and Europe, asked Poseidon to support it was he, of all his brothers, the one chosen to succeed the king of Crete Asterion. Poseidon helped him, and Minos promised in gratitude that the animal sacrifice that God chose. Then, Poseidon the sea gave rise to a beautiful white bull, but Minos was amazed at the animal and, forgetting his promise, he hid from his herd and sacrificed another bull.

Upon hearing, Poseidon was enraged and decided to take revenge on Minos by his wife, Pasiphae. To do this, Poseidon Pasiphae inspired an irresistible desire for the white bull, and the queen, to satisfy his passion, turned to Daedalus, who built with wood figure of a hollow cow for Pasiphae it was introduced and, thus, could be mounted by the white bull. The result of this relationship was that Pasiphae zoophilic became pregnant and gave birth to a monster with the body of man and bull-headed: the Minotaur.

Given the enormity of being as well as their evil and voracious appetite for human flesh, King Minos ordered Daedalus to build an intricate maze in the center that would lock the Minotaur could not leave him.

Before long, a son of Minos was assassinated in Athens after becoming Olympic champion in a tournament. In revenge, the king of Crete attacked Athens, and it surrendered. Among the conditions imposed Minos to accept the surrender was to betray Athens to Crete annual tribute consisting of seven youths and seven maidens as a sacrifice to the Minotaur.

Where relevant the third installment of the tax, a son of the king of Athens named Theseus volunteered to be one of the boys offered to the Minotaur and, thus, able to face it and try to kill him. Once Theseus was taken to Crete, he fell in love with the daughter of King Minos, Ariadne, and planned a strategy to help her lover to kill the Minotaur and get back inside the maze. So Theseus attached to the door of a maze out of the ball of thread Ariadne had given him, and then introduced into its interior. Once he met the Minotaur, Theseus confronted him and managed to kill him with a magical sword that he had also as Ariadne. Then, picking up the thread of the ball, managed to make his way back and exit the maze.


are various legends that have been chained in the previous story, but you can still connect another one, in which the protagonist is the epitome of the heroes of Greek mythology: Hercules.

One of the twelve labors Hercules was commissioned to capture the Cretan Bull, which was precisely the beautiful white bull with which Pasiphae mated and, after that event, Poseidon was mad and started to wreak havoc in Crete.

Hercules and the Bull of Crete - Louis Tuaillon Hercules


moved to Crete and, after obtaining the permission of King Minos, found the bull by the island. Once you are located and confronted him, grabbing him by the horns, got still and submit. Then load on the shoulders, brought him to the mainland, the city of Mycenae, to give it to Eurystheus. This, from her ferocity, freed him and the bull began to cause damage wherever he went. After crossing the Isthmus of Corinth, the bull reached the plain of Marathon, where he finally killed the Athenian hero Theseus.


As occurred in the myth of the abduction of Europe by Zeus, that of Pasiphae is presenting us the bull associated with divinity, in this case to Poseidon, and an exponent of fertilizing power. Sacrifices


bull in Greek religion


simple way of notes of everything collected by Francisco J. Rill flowers in his book " Del Toro in Antiquity: animal worship, sacrifice, hunting and party " can say that the Toro lost as divine entity in the merger process between the religion of the earliest inhabitants of Greece and the Indo-European peoples that were invading, but remained associated mythological Zeus, Poseidon, Eros and Dionysus as a vestige of its former status of deity.

However, even though he forfeited the specific category of divinity, the bull remained a revered animal in the Greek region, since its most common and important ritual was the sacrifice and, within them, the bull was retained as the offering favorite of the gods. This listing

bull, far from being trivial, is of great religious significance. The sacrifice was a connecting link between the man with the divine, considering, first, as a ritual of purification, which gave a scapegoat to remove the impurities or the ills of the community and, secondly, as a ritual of communion in which the victim, the bull in our case, not only the sanctity granted, but was identified with the deity for the faithful, to feed on the flesh of the slaughtered animals pass to join this divinity.

Sometimes even, it reached the end of eating raw meat, as shown in orgiastic rituals dedicated to the god Dionysus and as is described in Euripides' tragedy The Bacchae .

The fact that the Greeks consider that the slain animal passed into the realm of the sacred becomes more obvious, if possible, with the analysis of Martin P. Nilsson in his book "History Greek Religion", where states that: although the animal's flesh, as a matter corrupt, consumed by the faithful, men are mortal and are condemned to putrefaction, the animal's skeleton, and does not decompose easily, is deemed to belong to the gods because they were immortal, and it was to them that I was offered this part of the animal, either in burial or cremation.

And if there were specific occasions or rituals in which animals could be selected pigs, lambs, sheep and dogs preferred by the Greeks to the sacrifices was, without doubt, the bull. In fact, slaughter most famous of all, called "catastrophe " it came to sacrifice up to a hundred cattle.


Bullfighting celebrations in Thessaly

Taurokathapsia Emboss - Ashmolean Museum in Oxford


is known that in the island of Crete was a bullfighting celebrations during the second millennium BC in which young people practice risky jumps bulls. What is not as popularly known is that a few thousand years later, there were also celebrations in Greece bullfighting. On the source a study Manuel Serrano Espinosa , professor at the University of Alicante, we will know the bullfights in Classical Greece were held in the region of Thessaly.

not know the exact name of the Crete bullfighting, however, thanks to the documentation of the classical period of Greece, we do know that bullfighting in Thessaly was called " Taurokathapsia ." And in regard to their chronology, the numismatic pieces that have survived indicate that taurokathapsia of Thessaly was held in the early V a. C., and it is possible that as far back as the seventh century BC
taurokathapsia Thessaly
The mode of celebration was a different bull bull jumps. First, it was not jumping on foot, but riders on the backs of their horses, bulls Enceladus at races and compliments that they intended to undermine the forces of the animal, then the horse to jump from the body of the bull, grabbing by the horns, trying to knock it down and break his neck. Once the lance, the bull's head was offered to the local deity as a symbol of power and offering fertility.


oldest literary testimony of Thessaly taurokathapsia what we Euripides, though it is an indirect reference, as it only mentions the skills of Thessaly in the dressage horse and the sacrifice of bulls. Heliodoro , however, provides a more detailed version of the celebration. Situates in Ethiopia, but the protagonist is a Thessalian name Theagenes that manages to bring down the bull, and then before an ecstatic audience, is presented to the Ethiopian king Hidapes to request and obtain the hand of his daughter.

Another testimony is that of Artemidorus , which advocates an Ionian origin of taurokathapsia. He says, came from Ephesus (see map of the second image) and expanded by the Attica, but also clarifies that where it was highlighted in Larissa, in Thessaly. Plato, meanwhile, describes a similar ceremony from Thrace, on the north coast of the Aegean.


The inscriptions are preserved as a group essential for the study of various aspects of these celebrations. Paradoxically, the first witness to its existence we do not come from Thessaly, but in Asia Minor (which might suggest some overlap with the statement of Artemidorus). However, the bulk of the inscriptions with this issue outside the region of Thessaly. And it is remarkable that all taurokathapsias would indicate that they were linked to local cults and attached to the religious sphere.


On the other hand, Numismatics provides several examples of these games gained popularity in Thessaly in the Classical period. Most of the coins date from the period 480-400 BC; important fact because indicates the length of such celebrations. On the coins we see a pattern that is repeated regularly: one side is the young rider at the moment to grab the bull by the horns and try to pass some kind of band between the antlers, while the reverse shows the horse galloping riderless with the inscription of the name "Larisa ."


On the back of some currencies is the image of the god Zeus Eleutherios, proving his allegiance to religious festivals where Eleutherios honored Zeus, Poseidon and Tauri.


Finally, indicate that remain two reliefs with representations of taurokathapsias. In one of them, from Smyrna, and is preserved in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, shows a full scene divided into different stages: the horse racing and dodging, jumping rider to hold on to the horns of the bull and the final outcome, the bull was shot down. In contrast, the other highlight, which is preserved in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul, only displays the time in which the rider is thrown from his mount and is clinging to the horns of the animal.


Undoubtedly, the taurokathapsia of the classical period of Greece Crete bullfighting differ in several aspects of its implementation, and can not be said that has its direct antecedent in Crete, but there is an element common: all the documents found so far tell us clearly that they were assigned bullfighting events in classical times to festivals and religious cults, which makes these celebrations a character that is beyond the scope of mere sporting event or profane.
. Lagun

.
.
Off topic: given the proximity of the Christmas holidays, I want to wish everyone a few days of peace, happiness and with the times, work.

............... Merry Christmas!
.
.
And, as is required, I urge the owners of copyright of the pictures I posted with this text that will allow me to maintain it with this blog because I have no profit, and the fact should have included them only want to provide their knowledge to users this page for a better understanding of the text.
..

Remote Starter Causing Problems

Visit Greece "Zaharich" Casta Jijona

wanted the gods to the Nov. 27 rain in the Guadalquivir basin, and specifically, the lands of Sevilla province received, on average, the gift of fifty liters per meter square. Lora del Rio was no exception, and was also blessed with its share for water. And Zaharich ...

could have rained every other day, but not chosen by the gods was the same as we had agreed weeks earlier with the Miura family to visit its historic cattle ranch.

The effects of the weather phenomenon conditioned undoubtedly our visit to Zaharich, but did not prevent the day of November 27, 2010 go to swell my list of memorable dates.

Thus, when crossing the singular entrance gate I felt a shudder through my body, entered the estate of the Miura . And once we got to the farm, going to entrance courtyard, I could not help evoking the image of Don Eduardo Miura Fernandez with special pins. Yes Despite inclement weather, feelings flowed continuously.


These feelings, we were all struck by the wildness of the court, without any concessions to the gallery, so we suspect from the outset that the word has always had to be prevalent in livestock is "work." There, in Zaharich, since 1941, but in this ranching family since 1842, which was the year in which Don Juan Miura Rodriguez founded the herd.


After a few short minutes, we took advantage to peek at the stables, was made in the courtyard Don Manuel Garcia, the foreman, on horseback and wearing a rain poncho that left only her eyes exposed and little else. From his horse, given the weather conditions, we asked the question of rigor. And our answer was no less: " p'alante ."


Don Manuel took over the march, under that persistent rain composing an image that was shocking and, at the same time exciting. Opening and closing gates, came with us to the enclosures where the bulls out for next season. Nine runs, he told me, personally, eight, as we told everyone Don Eduardo Miura, who were sharing the impressions at the end of the visit.


Zaharich is a property of about 600 hectares, and the two enclosures that we are consistent: large, large, with boundaries which are partly lost in the gentle slopes that presents the field. Therefore, Miura were somewhat scattered and the overseer had to be thoroughly used to move them.


As is common in livestock, are the colors of the multicolored bulls from this litter, but attract the most attention are a few examples salineros. On


the makings, of course, are still to finish, and also got a bit cramped cattle from the rain. But they saw their usual shape: needle-high, long and with a large box, but not looking after the weight given in the scale, since they are not pot-bellied.

racial
A prototype seems to be set in cattle since 1854, which was when he finished making massive purchases of cattle, were implemented the first large selections and crossings were made more basic.

In this regard, we must remember that Don Juan Miura Rodríguez founded in 1842 with a cattle herd of Don Antonio Gil Herrera, originally Gallardo, and that seven years later, in 1849, he bought cattle from the same source to Jose Luis Alvareda. Subsequently, between 1850 and 1852, the herd was consolidated with the purchase of most of the cattle that had belonged to Jose Rafael Cabrera, whose origin became predominant in animal husbandry. And, finally, in 1854 included two stallions of Jose Arias Saavedra, who were chaste by the industry Vistahermosa Barbero de Utrera.

With these purchases in the space of twelve years was thus formed the basis of Miura. However, we must record that have been added other stallions, but the final aim was no longer changing the type of livestock, but temper their behavior.

Thus it is known from the incorporation of Navarra breed a bull named "Bat " that the right Lagartijo gave to Don Antonio Miura after deal in Cordoba and get his pardon. It was a copy bird's eye red and descended from the herd Pérez Laborda, although it bore the iron Joaquin del Val. In this case it is said that could influence the Miura appearance of red and brown fur.

is also known that another bull was added to the Duke of Veragua, although its influence in the herd had be low, as he died very soon following a fight with other bulls. Finally, in 1920 was included as a breeding stallion " Banderillero ", the Marquesa de Tamaron, Parladé mating. And there is talk of another one of the Conde de la Corte. From there, everything is on the family secret, as is the alleged incorporation of a stallion Palha in exchange for miureños that forged the famous Portuguese mating of livestock.


Returning to the visit, the heads of livestock often comment that Miura are very temperamental, so fights are common among them, hence that keep in large groups and not depart until a few days before the run. They also tend to comment that, for the same reason of its character, is very complicated the management of these bulls in the field, so it is not unusual to unforeseen occur breeders torn jeans and, indeed, strangers. And, by God, on our visit we had a good example of this. He walked the mayoral

regroup toiling in one of the groups, and all the animals seemed to move in the desired direction, when one of the bulls (which I will reserve the number you wore in the ribs to discourage prejudice), suddenly we came to us with tremendous speed and clear attitude of attack.


became evident that the fence prevented him from completing his intentions. But even so, continued to show defiant and aggressive, shaking his head repeatedly and trying to lift it over the fence even.


And not only came once. Because, although he returned with his brothers after the first arreón at any time ceased to measure ourselves, and repeated the ripped a second time.

was, without doubt, the story of the visit. At least, the most talked among ourselves.

So much so that it emerged the incident with Don Eduardo Miura, who came to meet us at the end of the visit. And, apart from us that was normal in livestock, he told us another story that related to, but goes back to 1910, more or less, and its star was the owner of other livestock: Don José Anastasio Martin.

There is, as Don Eduardo, who by the estate of Don Jose Anastasio used to go regularly "Recovered" (person who is engaged in the purchase of eggs, chickens and the like and then resell them), and one day I the farmer said: "Don José, is a bull, every time I come to his farm, I look down" . To which he replied questioned: "Wear chopper and crosses quiet" . Jugosísima

history!

As I said before, Don Eduardo Miura and later his brother Don Antonio were sharing with us and answered a few questions they did. The most frequent referred to the results of last season, prospects for the looming and, of course, to the contentious ban on bullfighting in Catalonia, Eduardo replied to the solvency and tables obtained along Breeder experience and positions of employment. It was the thread of the last issue of the farmer indicated when he referred to the world of festivals popular bulls. He said he and his brother are very supportive of this type of celebration, as bullfighting is only the tip of the large pyramid that makes up the world of bullfighting, but it all relies on a wide base, which is which form the popular bullfights. And that's why they always defend them.

was also raised the issue of European regulations on the wild cattle, based on the fact that it is included in the same group as all cattle, to which the farmer came to say yes it would be very interesting treatment specific policy for the wild cattle.

I can not fail to note that we were also in other units of livestock. Thus, we could see the long encerradero funnel that leads to the farm. Here, on the other hand, you can see a tile that recalls the bull which opened this encerradero called "Badger " shod with the number 66, which was encased on July 5, 1965 for run that dealt in Pamplona on 12 of the same year in the Festival of San Fermin.

was where the foreman told me that livestock is currently made up of about 650 cattle, of whom 260 were cows, belly and 8 bucks. And a curious fact: I explained that livestock is common for leaving litter more females than males, about 20 or so.

also allowed us to enter his property and very peculiar place of groping square. Thereon, the foreman told me that his way is due simply to the tradition. As in everything you do in this stud ...

Since the founding of Don Juan Miura and then run by his widow, Dona Josefa Fernandez, spending all that time to address the ever commented eldest son, Don Antonio Miura, who then also the regentaría. Continuing his younger brother, Don Eduardo Miura, one of the famous pin, which made the most important livestock of his time. Following the regency joint brothers and Don José Antonio Miura, who was continued Don Eduardo Miura, the son and nephew, respectively. To arrive at these dates, in which again two brothers, Don Eduardo and Don Antonio Miura are at the forefront of the most historic and charismatic of our wild herds. All of them followed the example given by his predecessors and sought to maintain traditional uses both of them learned how to line the historic cattle that were inherited.


When writing articles about visits to Zaharich is often used the term "legend" to apply to history, history and vicissitudes of the Miura, and is also very common the use of terms such as "legendary" and "mythical" applied to the bulls that are bred in the famed farm. But Miura are not fiction, nor its history as part of stories outside of historical time. As Rafael el Gallo said: "the Miura exist" . For this reason I have not used those terms in this text so common fantasy. When I think Zaharich Miura and prefer the use of terms such as criteria, work, loyalty and tradition, and when my retina is the image of a Miura: beauty, power and caste. Accomplished


visit, what we now hope that in the next 2011 can return to Pamplona to meet with six of the Miura had the fortune to see on his farm on 27 November. And, of course, to return one day the milestone on the road that Lora del Rio to La Campana marks the entrance to Zaharich.
.
.
NOTE: As tokens of appreciation, in addition to the headlines, mayoral and cowboys Miura, I want to note that the authors of the photographs published in this field are: Miguel Pedrero, who played his machine damn rain that day, and Jesus Martinez, who has sent me the page reference from " elpuyazo.es ." Also is one of the undersigned.
.
. Lagun

.

Spot With Red Circle On Arm?

Jijona caste Toro - Author: Paul Moreno Alcolado (oil on paper)


Origins

After a prehistoric pilgrimage from the Middle East to western the European continent, groups of cattle of Bos taurus were entering the Iberian Peninsula and were settled in different geographical areas. One of these regions seat was the Central Plateau, in the north and the south, occupying Duero river basin, on the one hand, and the Tagus and Guadiana, on the other.

For the many thousands of years that led to this process, and is large and diverse that it is the territory of the Central Plateau, it is logical to conclude that cattle that occupied it was not a single group and therefore not had the same morphology. In addition, the natural settings of wild cattle also saw altered by county from the Neolithic, with the introduction by humans domesticated cattle, the result of this process, as had been altered morphology. However, when the writers ranked the various original roots of the fighting bull, decided to include all groups in the center of the peninsula into a single branch, which they called "English roots."

seat map of the three roots of bullfighting (solid line) and location in the central plains south of the primitive herd caste Jijona


And if it seems that the differences were evident between the bulls the central plains of the northern and southern sub-plateau, you can also maintain that, within the latter, it must have bulls with a wide morphological conformation. Thus, if the bulls are bred on the banks of the Jarama were generally and among other features, black hair and horns short, as described by Jerome de la Huerta in the sixteenth century, in other areas of the southern sub-plateau bred bulls also had predominantly red coat would be and well-developed antlers. It is unknown whether

came to predominate in this vast territory the red-haired cattle, or whether, on the contrary, only they were located somewhere in the Montes de Toledo, Alcudia Valley or elsewhere in the foothills of Andalusia. But he says it was with red fur on animals with which they formed in the Guadiana valley one of the most renowned and charismatic founding breeds of fighting bulls, the "caste Jijona."
Casta

founding Jijona

The most widespread theory asserts that John Smith Jijón, exploiting the possibilities offered by his office of mayor in the herd of the Royal Heritage, founded around 1618 a herd in Villarrubia de los Ojos, selecting bulls Real de Aranjuez the herd that were characterized as being of great height, bulk lot, antler development and, very significantly, by having a red coat on.

The importance of the herd reached the successive generations of family farmers led, among other consequences, that red hair on the bull is known by the term "Jijon" after the principal name of the saga of farmers and, above all, their herd is the category of caste recognize the founding of the fighting bull, granting the name of caste "Jijona." Following

most widespread theory about the foundation of the breed Jijona, also said that it was John Jijón, a grandson of the founder of the herd, who actually selected the livestock and specifically devoted to breeding fighting bulls, setting further its racial prototype.

However this theory, this 2010 is published on this blog a documented study entitled "Bloodlines of the first breeders Jijona Toros ", in which the authors, brothers Naranjo Cecilio González Candelas and show that the majority theory must be revised. Toro

caste Jijona - Author: Paul Moreno Alcolado (oil on paper)


This study demonstrates, first, that no document exists in the Royal Heritage referring to the supposed position of mayor Juan Sanchez Jijón the herd Real de Aranjuez and therefore this is not the reason for creation of livestock.

In contrast, the study's authors have shown Villarrubia that there were two branches of the family surnamed Jijón that, historically, farmers were swine, sheep and horses, and that should be about half of the seventeenth century when they decided to enter the beef from their cattle, as they have documented a process increase of cattle owned vaccines between 1645 and 1657, and the lack of premises and parklands and specific for farming, so that livestock invaded the lands of farmers and Justice opened in those years Villarrubia two separate files against the two families of farmers. Thus, the founders or rather, the drivers of the herd of "Jijon" which is as they were known in the town, were the respective heads of families of these two closely related branches: on the one hand, Jijón Pedro Gonzalez, and, on the other, Juan de Salcedo Jijón (real name of this farmer, as the compound "Sanchez-Jijón" is an artificial added later).

Similarly, Naranjo brothers have also shown that these two branches of the family acted together in the management of livestock, so it must be said that their herds comprised a single holding. And they have proven that, through a policy of marriages between sons and daughters of this first generation of farmers, the administration continued operation of two of the respective successors and Juan Pedro Jijón Jijón, which had become brothers. Bibliography taurine

not attached to this second John Jijón no role in the history of livestock. Instead, the study's authors have proved that such contracts Jijón and his brother Juan Pedro Jijón and cattle destined for the fighting in 1678 and 1679, and that they should have the first breeders who have dealt with that surname in Madrid, specifically, September 25, 1679. And another significant fact which had to be at this time that the prototype had to be fixed racial caste Jijona.

Table generation of farmers by dividing the original Jijón
trunk Prepared Naranjo González brothers

Naranjo
According to the brothers to death in 1684 of the second generation of farmers, represented by brothers Pedro and Juan Jijón Jijón the livestock was divided among their respective successors, which have succeeded in drawing the family tree, and it follows a conclusion that is beyond question. As is well known, caste Jijona bulls were called the most famous branch of the family of John Jijón successors, who were the brothers John and Joseph Jijón, and then the children of the latter, Jose and Miguel Jijón. But also were Jijona cattle breed from the other side of the family, the hitherto unknown Jijón Pedro because it is located as Blas Jijón farmers and, above all, Dona Elena Jijón, and it is well known that livestock Jijona cattle breed had acquired Aleas and Gil Manuel Flores. Therefore, if you were Jijona breed cows of the two branches of the family Jijón, the logical conclusion is that we must agree that the prototype Jijona racial caste must be given by fixed before the herd were divided primitive. And, therefore, that honor should be given to the brothers Pedro and Juan Jijón Jijón, and before his death in 1684.


With this, the authors of this study documented dismantled the theory that until now dominated the whole bullfighting literature, claiming they were the brothers John and Joseph Jijón who set the prototype of the breed racial Jijona after receiving their livestock father's inheritance in 1684.


"Golden Age" of the breed Jijona and the sudden disappearance of the family of its founders

Jijón Shield of Salcedo. Photo: Fernando Beneytez Peñuelas


Returning to the study that underlies this entry, go back to quoting the time that the brothers Pedro Jijón and John Jijón die in 1684. It was then that he broke the great family arrangement which allowed for united most of the farm of "Jijon, and interests composing it were divided into three parts, at least.

1) A portion of the Jijón for Pedro was inherited by his son Christopher, who settled in Valdepeñas. The cattle of this line would pass to his son Juan Antonio Jijón, and this was followed by a daughter, Elena Jijón (which previously referred), which debuted in 1790 in Madrid. Elena died childless, she disappeared with this line of the founders of the breed Jijona, and cattle, possibly after passing Torrubia Benito, end up being acquired by Manuel Aleas and Gil Flores.

2) The other part of what Peter Jijón was inherited by his son Blas Jijón, which continued in Villarrubia. The fact that the cattle born in 1667 as written by Cossio rebate on that dealt in Madrid in 1654. When Blas Jijón really dealt with the Town and Court was in 1690, and it is known that around 1750 he did in Valencia Jijón his son Peter, who first succeeded to his herd. With livestock it was closed this other line of the founders of the breed Jijona, he died childless, and livestock industry would end up passing most famous family of Jijon (which see below), seeing thereby increasing the number of their cattle.

3) And finally, the part of John Jijón passed to his sons John and Joseph Jijón, who remained in Villarrubia. Never split the inheritance, but it was the larger of the two, John Jijón, who spent more work to the livestock of the most famous branch of Jijona therefore exceeded the age of eighteen of his brother, and he only had five when his father died. Therefore, until he reached adulthood, Juan Jijón began managing livestock on behalf of both. Moreover, as was Joseph who died first and their children were minors at the time, Juan Jijón again led administration alone from 1735 to 1743.

The latter period is the run that in 1737 he dealt on behalf of John Jijón in the first circular plaza built in Madrid, that of Soto Luzon, built by the Confraternity of the Sacramental de San Isidro.

After the death of the brothers John and Joseph Jijón, his sons Joseph and Michael, formed themselves into owners of the herd, although at that time were still minors, were the executors who began exercising administration. Later, after winning José Jijón to be granted the capacity to act, it was he who took the reins.

The livestock of this family branch reached the highest height of success and fame during the ownership of brothers Joseph and Michael Jijón, towering to the top livestock at that time. Countless evenings and successes dealt harvested. However, the relationship between the two brothers was very tense for the character of Joseph, reaching between them embroiled in litigation. So if at first it was announced livestock on behalf of Don José and Don Miguel Jijón; since 1766, following the breakdown in relations between them and, above all, of the ruling in a proceeding in which both parties were, Miguel Jijón became the sole manager of the herd and his name was announced until his death in 1791, unmarried and childless. Therefore, from livestock that year went entirely to Joseph Jijón, announcing his name.

Of the two family branches was only then José Jijón. Would marry, but it has done over seventy years and descendants tube. So, with him died the last representative of the founders of the breed Jijona.

Livestock was announced over a year on behalf of his widow, Dona Leonor Eagle, and then it became the name of this second husband, Don Eagle Barnabas. Finally, this foray into the world of politics brought into the marriage a serious deterioration of its assets, and this must be the cause of that, two decades later, his bulls began to be announced in the name of Don Manuel and Dona Manuela Gaviria de la Dehesa. Prototype


racial

Jijona caste Toro - Author: Paul Moreno Alcolado (oil on paper)


To date, the lack of documentary sources prevents us from knowing what was the origin of cattle that were used to create the herd primitive of "Jijon. This implies that they are only guesses ensuring that came from the banks of the Jarama, the herd Real de Aranjuez, the Montes de Toledo, Alcudia Valley or any other specific point in the southern sub-plateau.

And, similarly, would also be a simple theory stating that the cattle were jijona from the beginning, most of a given layer. However, the selection was made at some point in the history of this breed foundation, because if anything is characterized Jijona bulls breed descriptions of our literature is by its majority taurine reddish fur, from peach to brown but predominantly characteristically the red on.

also said that they were of great height, bulk and weight, and had a highly developed antlers and caramel tone.

My hypothesis of this whole set of notions, I have annotated Rafael Cabrera Bonet a comment made at a conference relating to those red bulls may not be far removed from the carcasses of race retinta who settled in the area especially south and west of the Iberian Peninsula, and might have risen to the Castilian-La Mancha region following the course of the Guadiana. Once

missing
farmers of the two branches of the family that founded the breed, their breeding planted with their blood many herds, especially in the area of \u200b\u200bColmenar Viejo, prompting the merger with the so-called "Bulls of the Earth" and helped to reach these new farms renowned successes in the nineteenth century. And is that the behavior of these bulls are adjusted in a very particular conception of the fight that prevailed at the time, based primarily in the first half, and coming out strong, tough and chewy, without being transcendent meaning tended to develop and become harsh and defensive depending on the third beam passed.

Through it, the bulls from that source ceased to be "appropriate" for the new design bullfighting based on the last third that evolved in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Then began crossing for farming, especially cattle breed Vistahermosa, and the resulting logic is derived from the absorption of blood joined the devastating consequences for all types of cattle led to the Civil War to cause the virtual disappearance of Jijona genetic load in our cabin brava.

That was almost unanimous belief until a few years ago, but Professor Javier Canyon, with genetic studies, has opened a window of hope for those interested in a future recovery.


NOTE:
I show my gratitude to the authors of the works and images published in this text for their selfless contribution. And, for that matter, I note that anyone intending to include them in other areas of the network must include authorship.

.